Coated material and method of producing same



- UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE,

. COATED MATERIAL AND METHOD OF PRODUCING SAME Emil-Czapek, Berlin, Germany, assignor to Guaranty Trust Company of New York, New York, 4 N. Y., a banking corporation of New York No Drawing. Application May 13, 1938,- Serial No. 207,811. In Germany January 11, 1937 19 Claims. (oi. 91-68) This invention relates to an improved film or The applying and drying of the coatings are sheet material as a new article of manufacture effected as hereinafter to be described by means and the process of making such new film, which isof suitable coating machines or by dipping of the perfectly clear and transparent, extremely firm, supporting base and scraping off the excess liquid not brittle, but flexible and is not explosive and in the well known manner. not or only with great difilculty combustible. The Films manufactured in this way demonstrate new film is also distinguished by its very hard the advantages supplied by its ingredients in that surface which is resistant to mechanical injuries, the characteristics to a certain extent supplesuch as scratches. ment one another. As an instance, from a physi- A feature of the invention resides therein that '10 cal point of. view, such films are just as durable several, at least three difierentpellicles or coatand pliable as films composed of cellulose hydrate ings, each exceptionally thin and of various comand in addition they are also as resistant and unbinations and of various qualities are iso com changeable against external influences as all bined with each other that they form one uniester films. In addition, the desirable characterform film or sheet material and that the inistics of the chlorinated paraffin and chlorinatedv dividual coatings or layers so combined cannot rubber coating are'retained and active while the separate easily from each other. undesirable characteristics are repressed or at It has been found, that a thin pellicle or memleastfail to express themselves since this coating brane of cellulose hydrate can be used as a base is embedded and enclosed by the other layers. for such films. Such a pellicle has a high tear 20 These supplemental advantages express. themand crease resistance. This pellicle .is covered selves particularly from an optical point of view. with a layer, consisting of chlorinated paraffin As an instance, whereas all wax-containing coatand chlorinated rubber. The mixing proportion ings or layers, that is those composed of nitro-v between these two should preferably be at least cellulose, resin and wax are not as hard as those fifty per cent and preferably seventy per cent; without wax, and thus can be easily scratched or of chlorinated paraffin to less than fifty per cent surface marked, films made according to the presand preferably thirty per cent of chlorinated ent process have a hard, scratch resisting outer.

rubber. surface and'a pliable inner structure. These films In order properly to apply the coating, the inare therefore in little danger of being surface gredients of the same in the process of manut marked or scratched. Furthermore, wax confacture are dissolved in a suitable solvent or mixtaining coatings or layers formed on an ester base ture of solvents, to which perhaps some resin in are optically no f r m objection because the small quantities may be added. .This coating wax is not dissolved therein but maintained in renders the film extremely pliable and protects p ion. on he other hand. the chlorinated it against atmospheric changes and the like. parafiln and chlorinated rubber material p esents This pliable film layer-.01 coating is now fura coating that is free from objection and which thermore protected against external influences ,COntlmlBS clear after i s b n co ined and with a second coatingor layer comprising a celluconnected with he ulose hydrate layer and lose ester suchas nitro-cellulose or acetylcelluthe ester coatin lose, to which softeners and resins may be added.- 40 T e adva ta e re ade poss ble of separate As solvents, those liquids are selectedwhich readcoatings having a wax free Surface is felt in y ical reaction.

ily dissolve the above mentioned components but fields of endeavor. With the-help 'of the intercannot dissolve the first coating comprising chloa y layer of chlorinated. D fi these films rinated paraflin and chlorinated rubben' How-- can be de moisture-proof to a h h degree.

ever, it is advantageous to add to the cellulose Since the outer layer d ess t a n a y a ester solution a small amount-of a solvent or'solthe mount of parafiln in the inner layer'can be vents in which chlorinated rubber is soluble, the maint d V y high Without unning the .risk amount determined being just sufllclent so that th t the w x y penetrate t0 the surface with where the opposing faces of the first coating with the resulting objection that the foil becomes the ester solution meet, the former will be, so 5( sticky, smeary and the like. 'Afurther advantage afiected that it will combine itself with the latter of the chlorinated rubber is that it combines the while being applied, as an instance, by a partial outer layer with the cellulose base and prevents difl'usion or infusion, better expressed as an interremoval by peeling. action of molecules as distinguished from a chem- For some purposes, as, an instance, reproduccfl tion work, it is desired that such films do not 7 have an outer layer or coating that is immune to water and oil but on the other hand may require that such outer layer or surface is receptive to water or oil containing substances such as paints, inks, adhesives and the like which however will not pass or not permeate through the film. Films suitable for such purposes can also be obtained if the position of the layers is reversed, as for instance, if the ester layer is located on the inside with the chlorinated paramnrubber layer on one or both sides and the cellulose hydrate layer upon the outer side of the chlorinated paraflln-rubber layer.

Excellent results have been obtained when the ingredients and proportions selected for the chlo-' rinated paraffin correspond to the following table.

in which four examples are listed, the ingredients and proportions of the examples listed in columns designated a, b, c and d corresponding to the Similarly excellent results have been obtained when the ingredients and proportions selected for the ester layer correspond to the following table in which also four examples are listed, the

ingredients and proportions of the examples listed in columns a, b, c and (1 corresponding to the examples a, b, c and d, to wit:

a b c d Parts Parts Parts Parts y w w a weight weight weight umqht Cellulose ester 8 12 i6 20 Softeners such as palatinol 6 8 12 20 Solvents such as butanol 50 50 45 44 Diluting medium, such as benzol. 24 18 ll Resins 2 4 10 Paraflln or wax 0.5 Solvents for chlorinated rubber The applying of the coatings may be effected by means of suitable machines with which a solution of the intermediary layer is first applied upon the cellulose foil in a uniform manner. By means of evaporation of the solvents, the intermediary layer is then dried so far that the other coating may be effectively applied. The pouring or applying of the outer coating is efiected in a manner similar to that for applying or pouring the'intermediate layer; and this application may be efiected separately on either side of the base or simultaneously om both sides. Thereupon the solvents will be evaporated and the film will be dried. This drying process will continue until it is certain that only a small unavoidable quantity of solvents remains in the film.

I claim:

1. A transparent flexible crease-resisting and odorless article of manufacture comprising a sheet of cellulose hydrate coated with a plurality of layers, one layer comprising a main amount of chlorinated paraflin, a lesser amount of chlorinated rubber and a still lesser amount of resin, said layers bonded to one another forming an article of which at least one layer is tear resisting and waterproof.

2. A transparent flexible crease-resisting and odorless article of manufacture comprising a tion selected from the group consisting of cellulose 'esters, said layers bonded to one another and in turn forming a substantially uniform sh'eet.

3. A transparent article of manufacture con- 7 sisting of a cellulose hydrate layer, combined with an intermediate moistureproofing composition containing mainly chlorinated paraflin with an addition of chlorinated rubber, and with an outer coating layer containing a cellulose ester as the base.

4. A transparent article of manufacture consisting of a cellulose hydrate layer, an intermediate coating consisting of a moistureproofing composition containing mainly chlorinated paramn with an addition of chlorinated rubber, and an outer surface coating containing a cellulose ester as the base.

5. The process. of manufacturing a transparent, flexible film consisting in coating a cellulosehydrate layer with an intermediate layer having non-volatile constituents comprising a main amount of chlorinated parafiln, a lesser amount ofchlorinated rubber and a still lesser amount of a resin, and thereupon coating the interme diat layer with an outer coating containing a a resin, and thereupon coating the intermediate layer with an outer coating containing a cellulose ester as the base,-plasticizers and a wax.

8. The process of manufacturing a transparent, flexible film consisting in coating a cellulose hydrate layer with an intermediate layer having non-volatile constituents comprising a main amount of chlorinated paraflin, a lesser amount of chlorinated rubber and a still lesser amount of a resinand a wax, and thereupon coating the intermediate layer with an outer coating containing a cellulose ester as the base.

9. The process of manufacturing a transparent, flexible film consisting in coating a cellulose hydrate layer with an intermediate coating comprising a main amount of chlorinated. paraffin, a lesser amount of chlorinated rubber and a still lesser amount of a resin and a wax, dissolved in volatile solvents, drying the same, thereupon coating the intermediate layer so formed with an outer coating containing a cellulose ester, softeners and a wax, and solvents for the ester, chlorinated rubber and wax, and drying the same.

10. The process of manufacturinga transparent, flexible film consisting in coating a cellulose hydrate layer with an intermediate layer having non-volatile constituents consisting mainly of chlorinated parafiin and partly of chlorinated rubber, resins and softeners, and thereupon coat:

11. The process of manufacturing a transpar-' ent, flexible film consisting in coating a cellulose hydrate layer with an intermediate layer having non-volatile constituents comprising a main amount of chlorinated paraflin, a lesser amount of chlorinated rubber, and a still lesser amount of a resin and a wax, and thereupon coating the intermediate layer with an outer coating containing a cellulose ester as the base, a resin and softeners.

12. The process of manufacturing a transparent, flexible film consisting in-coating a cellulose hydrate layer with an intermediate layer having non-volatile constituents consisting mainly of chlorinated parafiin and partly of chlorinated rubber, resins and softeners, and thereupon coating the intermediate layer with an outer coating containing a cellulose ester as the base and resins and softeners.

13. The process of manufacturing a transparent. flexible film consisting in coating a cellulose hydrate layer with an intermediate coating consisting mainly of chlorinated paraflin and volatile solvents, and partly of chlorinated rubber, drying the same, thereupon coating the intermediate layer so formed with an outer coating containing a cellulose ester, solvents for the ester, softeners and solvents for the chlorinated rubber, and drying the same.

14. The process of manufacturing a transparent, flexible film consisting in coating a cellulose hydrate layer with an intermediate coating comprisin a main amount of chlorinated parafiin, a lesser amount of chlorinated rubber and a still lesser amount of a resin, all dissolved in volatile solvents, drying the same, thereupon coating the intermediate layer so formed with an outer coating containing a cellulose ester, softeners, solvents for the ester and the resin, and drying. the

same.

15. The process of manufacturing a transparent, flexible film consisting in coating a cellulose hydrate layer with an intermediate coating comprising a main amount of chlorinated paraflin, -a lesser amount of chlorinated rubber and a-still lesser amount of a resin and a wax, all dissolved in volatile solvents, drying the same, thereupon coating the intermediate layer so formed with an outer coating containing a cellulose ester, softeners and a wax, and solvents for the ester, chlorinated rubber and wax, and drying the same.

16. The process of manufacturing a transparent, flexible film consisting in coating a cellulose hydrate layer with an intermediate coating comprising a main amount of chlorinated paraflin, a lesser amount of chlorinated rubber and a still lesser amount of a resin and a wax, all dissolved in volatile solvents, drying the same, thereupon coating the intermediate layer so formed with an outer coating containing a cellulose ester, softeners, and a wax, and solvents for the ester, chlorinated rubber and wax, and drying the same. 7

17. The process otmanufacturing a transparent, flexible film consisting in coating a cellulose hydrate layer with an intermediate coating consisting mainly of chlorinated paraffin and volatile solvents, and partly of chlorinated rubber, resins and waxes, drying the same, thereupon coating the intermediate layer so formed with an outer coating containing a cellulose ester, solvents for the ester, softeners and resins and solvents for the chlorinated rubber or waxes, and drying the same.

18. A transparent flexible crease-resisting and odorless article of manufacture comprising a sheet of cellulose hydrate combined with an intermediate moistureproofing layer comprising a main amount of chlorinated paramn, a lesser amount of chlorinated rubber and astill lesser amount of resin, with a scratch resisting and non-sticky outer coating layer comprising a celluester as a base and lesser amonuts of resin and plasticizers.

19. A transparent flexible crease-resisting and odorless article of manufacture comprising a sheet of cellulose hydrate combined with an intermediate moistureproofing layer comprising a 'main amount of chlorinated paraflin, a lesser amount of chlorinated rubber and a still lesser 

